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LOWER BACK ACHE/LOWER BACK PAIN

A common painful condition affecting the lower portion of the spine .it is also called lumbago. It can result from a strain to muscles or tendons in the lower back.

Types

Acute back pain

Sub acute back pain

Chronic back pain

Causes

Low back ache is caused by injury to a muscle strain or ligament sprain.common causes include:

Improper lifting

Poor posture

Lack of regular exercise

Fracture

Ruptured disc or orthritis .

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRAIN AND SPRAIN:

Strain:  strain is an injury to muscles or tendons

Sprain:  sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule at a joint in the body .

LOW BACK ACHE SYMPTOMS;

stabbing or shooting sensation

Stiffness

Posture problems

Muscle spasm

Sitting for long period

Numbness or weakness

 RISK FACTORS:

Age

Lack of exercises

Excess weight

Improper lifting

Psychological conditions

Smoking

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:

Radiculopathy ,nerve root compression,spinal stenosis ,spondylolisthesis,

Ankylosing spondylitis,facet joint pain and cancer pain and infections such as osteomyelitis.

SPECIAL TESTS:

Slump test

Straight leg raise test

Faber test

Femoral stretch test

PHYSIOTHERAPY  MANAGEMENT

The short term and long term goals for low back ache

Improve low back function

Increase the spine flexibility

Core strengthening exercises

Lumbar stabilizing exercises

Postural training

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